| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selenomethionine Immune Support |
|
|
| Click the flag of your country to find this product: |
 |
 |
Selenomethionine Immune Support
What to expect from this product:
- Protects against viruses and bacteria
- Protects against abnormal cell growth
Back in the 1950s selenium was established as an essential trace element
in the diet for the prevention of disease. Foods that contain selenium include meat, seafood, dairy foods, whole grains, nuts (particularly Brazil nuts in the shell), red Swiss chard, turnips, garlic and orange juice. Since selenium is unevenly distributed in the earth's crust, the amount of selenium in the soil varies around the globe, which makes our reliance on food sources difficult if not impossible to measure. Selenium levels in the body are largely dependent on the amount of the mineral in the diet.
The form of selenium within the diet has an important influence on absorption. L-selenomethionine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is significantly better absorbed and retained in the body than inorganic selenium in the form of selenite or selenate. Organic forms of selenium, such as selenomethionine, are selenium bound to methionine, an essential amino acid.
In one study, blood levels of selenium were studied in four groups of men and women taking Selenate, Selenite, L-Selenomethionine and High Selenium Yeast. During the three months' duration of the study, glutathione peroxidase activity was also recorded. All forms of selenium gave rise to steady levels of glutathione peroxidase, when measured after one month. However, the selenium levels in the groups receiving L-Selenomethionine and high selenium yeast, showed a steady rise during the whole period, whereas those receiving the other forms levelled off after a period of one to three months.
In another study, conducted in New Zealand, the urinary excretion of women taking either selenate or selenomethionine was studied over the long term. The results showed that considerably more selenate was excreted than selenomethionine.
Those persons with low nutritional selenium status have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and high rates of cancers of the liver, breast, esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, lung, urinary tract, prostate, female reproductive organs, thyroid, blood, oral, and skin.
Cancer
The connection between selenium and cancer was originally found when researchers evaluated selenium levels in crops and low blood selenium levels and cancer death rates. Further research discovered that low selenium levels in cancer patients was associated with multiple primary tumours, multiple recurrence of the cancer, short survival times after diagnosis, and increased spreading of the cancer (metastasis).
Selenium and Heart Disease
As with cancer, where the intake of dietary selenium is lowest, so the incidence of cardiovascular disease is highest. Significantly, it has been shown that supplementation with selenium increases the ratio of HDL (good) cholesterol to LDL (bad) cholesterol and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Selenium and Immune Function
The body's natural antioxidant enzyme, Glutathione peroxidase, is dependent on the presence of selenium. Therefore, when selenium levels are low, this enzyme is severely compromised. This, in turn, results in suppression of the immune system, including arrested development of important white blood cells. Adding selenium to the diet results in restoration and/or increased immune function
Hepatitis/Liver Disease
Selenium levels appear to be severely depleted in individuals suffering from liver disease,
specifically cirrhosis and hepatitis. Low selenium levels are also found in those with high
total cholesterol levels.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A double-blind study found supplementing 200 mcg per day of selenium for three months significantly reduced painful joint involvement in those people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Asthma
Reduced blood selenium levels have consistently been found in adults with asthma. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) found evidence
that selenium-rich foods, such as fish and cereals/whole grains, may protect against asthma in children.
Male Infertility
Selenium has been long recognized as essential for successful human reproduction as it
is required for sperm maturation and motility, and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Human studies have shown low dose selenium supplementation to be effective in the correction of male infertility.
Heavy Metal Toxicity
Selenium may have a protective effect against mercury and other heavy metal toxicities.
Experimental findings have shown that selenium-deficient rodents are more susceptible
to the prenatal toxicity of methylmercury. Selenium is an antagonist to cadmium,
especially in acute exposures.
Hypothyroidism
In a randomized, prospective, blinded study in 36 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis,
selenium supplementation of 200 mcg per day for three months decreased thyroid specific antibodies from 100 percent to 63.6 percent. Even more importantly, nine of 36 patients had complete normalization of thyroid antibody concentrations.
Cataracts
Oxidation of lens proteins is part of the disease process of cataracts. Evaluation of selenium levels in humans has found lower than normal levels in sera and aqueous humour in cataract patients.
There are no known drug interactions with selenomethionine.
FORMULA:
Each Capsule Contains:
L-selenomethione.........200 mcg
Non-medicinal Ingredients: Gelatin capsule (gelatine, purified water), rice starch, vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant).
Suggested usage:
1 capsule, 2 times daily with meals. During seasonal discomfort, 2 capsules, 2 times daily with meals or as directed by a health practitioner.
| Food | Micrograms (mcg) | Percent DV* |
| Brazil nuts, dried, un-blanched, 1 ounce | 544 | 780 |
| Tuna, light, canned in oil, drained, 3 ounces | 63 | 95 |
| Beef, cooked, 3½ ounces | 35 | 50 |
| Spaghetti w/ meat sauce, frozen entrée, 1 serving | 34 | 50 |
| Cod, cooked, 3 ounces | 32 | 45 |
| Turkey, light meat, roasted, 3½ ounces | 32 | 45 |
| Beef chuck roast, lean only, roasted, 3 ounces | 23 | 35 |
| Chicken Breast, meat only, roasted, 3½ ounces | 20 | 30 |
| Noodles, enriched, boiled, 1/2 cup | 17 | 25 |
| Macaroni, elbow, enriched, boiled, 1/2 cup | 15 | 20 |
| Egg, whole, 1 medium | 14 | 20 |
| Cottage cheese, low fat 2%, 1/2 cup | 12 | 15 |
| Oatmeal, instant, fortified, cooked, 1 cup | 12 | 15 |
| Rice, white, enriched, long grain, cooked, 1/2 cup | 12 | 15 |
| Rice, brown, long-grained, cooked, 1/2 cup | 10 | 15 |
| Bread, enriched, whole wheat, commercially prepared, 1 slice | 10 | 15 |
| Walnuts, black, dried, 1 ounce | 5 | 8 |
| Bread, enriched, white, commercially prepared, 1 slice | 4 | 6 |
| Cheddar cheese, 1 ounce | 4 | 6 |
References
- Schwarz S. Essentiality and metabolic functions of selenium. Med Clin North Am 1976;60:745-758.
- Swanson CA, Patterson BH, Levander OA, et al. Human [74Se]selenomethionine metabolism: a kinetic model. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;54:917-926.
- Deagen JT, Butler JA, Beilstein MA, Whanger PD. Effects of dietary selenite, selenocysteine and selenomethionine on selenocysteine lyase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on selenium levels in rat tissues. J Nutr 1987;117:91-98.
- Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, et al. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 1973;179:588-590.
- Markropoulos V, Bruning T, Schulze-Osthoff K. Selenium-mediated inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappa B and HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. Arch Toxicol 1996;70:277-283.
- Stapleton SR, Garlock GL, Foellmi-Adams L, Kletzien RF. Selenium: potent stimulator of tyrosyl phosphorylation and activator of MAP kinase. Biochem Biophys Acta 1997;1355:259-269.
- Adler V, Pincus MR, Posner S, et al. Effects of chemopreventive selenium compounds on Jun N-kinase activities. Carcinogenesis 1996;17:1849-1854.
- Kaeck M, Lu J, Strange R, et al. Differential induction of growth arrest inducible genes by selenium compounds. Biochem Pharmacol 1997;53:921-926.
- Lu J, Kaeck M, Jiang C, et al. Selenite induction of DNA strand breaks and apoptosis in mouse leukemic L 1210 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1994;47:1531-1535.
- Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Chen ZH. Cancer-preventive selenocompounds induce a specific redox modification of cysteine-rich regions in Ca(2+)-dependent isoenzymes of protein kinase C. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997;348:25-36.
- Strain JJ, Bokje E, van't Veer P, et al. Thyroid hormones and selenium status in breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 1997;27:48-52.
- Olivieri O, Girelli D, Azzini M, et al. Low selenium status in the elderly influences thyroid hormones. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995;89:637-642.
- Calomme MR, Vanderpas JB, Francois B, et al. Thyroid function parameters during a selenium repletion/depletion study in phenylketonuric subjects. Experientia 1995;51:1208-1215.
- Duffield AJ, Thomson CD, Hill KE, Williams S. An estimation of selenium requirements for New Zealanders. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:896-903.
- Hill KE, McCollum GW, Boeglin ME, Burk RF. Thioredoxin reductase activity is decreased by selenium deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997;234:293-295.
- Allan CB, Lacourciere GM, Stadtman TC. Responsiveness of selenoproteins to dietary selenium. Annu Rev Nutr 1999;19:1-16.
- Berggren MM, Mangin JF, Gasdaka JR, Powis G. Effect of selenium on rat thioredoxin reductase activity: increase by supranutritional selenium and decrease by selenium deficiency. Biochem Pharmacol 1999;57:187-193.
- Ganther HE. Selenium metabolism, selenoproteins and mechanisms of cancer prevention: complexities with thioredoxin reductase. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:1657-1666.
- Li GS, Wang F, Kang D, Li C. Keshan disease: an endemic cardiomyopathy in China. Hum Pathol 1985;16:602-609.
- Salonen JT, Afthan G, Huttunen JK, et al. Association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and serum selenium in a matched-pair longitudinal study. Lancet 1982;2:175-179.
- Kien CL, Ganther HE. Manifestations of chronic selenium deficiency in a child receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:319-328.
- Vinton NE, Dahlstrom KA, Strobel CT, Ament ME. Macrocytosis and pseudoalbinism: manifestations of selenium deficiency. J Pediatr 1987;111:711-717.
- Yang GQ, Ge KY, Chen JS, Chen XS. Selenium-related endemic diseases and the daily selenium requirement of humans. World Rev Nutr Diet 1988;55:98-152.
- Garlend M, Stamper MJ, Willett WC, Hunter DJ. The epidemiology of selenium and human cancer. In: Frei B, ed. Natural Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1994:263-281.
- Foster HD. The iodine-selenium connection: its possible roles in intelligence, cretinism, sudden infant death syndrome, breast cancer and multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 1993;40:61-65.
- Foster HD. The geography of schizophrenia: possible links with selenium and calcium deficiencies, inadequate exposure to sunlight and industrialization. J Orthomolecular Med 1988;3:135-140.
- el-Bayoumy K, Upadhyaya P, Chae YH, et al. Chemoprevention of cancer by organoselenium compounds. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1995;22:92-100.
- Nomura AM, Lee J, Stemmermann GN, Combs GF Jr. Serum selenium and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:883-887.
- Broghamer WL. Relationship between serum selenium levels and patients with carcinoma. Cancer 1976;37:1384-1388.
- Duffield-Lillico AJ, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, et al. Baseline characteristics and the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence in a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:630-639.
- Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA 1996;276:1957-1963.
- Clark LC, Dalkin B, Krongrad A, et al. Decreased incidence of prostate cancer with selenium supplementation: results of a doubleblind cancer prevention trial. Br J Urol 1998;81:730-734.
- Nelson MA, Reid M, Duffield-Lillico AJ, Marshall JR. Prostate cancer and selenium. Urol Clin North Am 2002;29:67-70.
- Taylor EW, Ramanathan CS, Jalluri RK, Nadimpalli RG. A basis for new approaches to the chemotherapy of AIDS: novel genes in HIV-1 potentially encode selenoproteins expressed by ribosomal frameshifting and termination suppression. J Med Chem 1994;37:2637-2654.
- Delmas-Beauvieux MC, Peuchant E, Couchouron A, et al. The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: effects of supplementation with selenium or beta-carotene. Am J Clin Nutr
- 1996;64:101-107.
- Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Lai S, et al. High risk of HIV-related mortality is associated with selenium deficiency. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997;15:370-374.
- Look MP, Rockstroh JK, Rao GS, et al. Serum selenium, plasma glutathione (GSH) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)-levels in asymptomatic versus symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infection. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:266-272.
- Cirelli A, Ciardi M, de Simone C, et al. Serum selenium concentration and disease progress in patients with HIV infection. Clin Biochem 1991;24:211-214.
- Constans J, Sire S, Sergeant C, et al. Dilated cardiomyopathy and selenium deficiency in AIDS. Apropos of a case. Rev Med Interne 1997;18:642-645. [Article in French]
- Shor-Posner G, Miguez MJ, Pineda LM, et al. Impact of selenium status on the pathogenesis of mycobacterial disease in HIV-1-infected drug users during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002;29:169-173.
- Navarro-Alarcon M, Lopez-Ga de la Serrana H, Perez-Valero V, Lopez-Martinez MC. Selenium concentrations in serum of individuals with liver diseases (cirrhosis or hepatitis): relationship with some nutritional and biochemical markers. Sci Total Environ 2002;291:135-141.
- Aaseth J, Haugen M, Forre O. Rheumatoid arthritis and metal compounds - perspectives on the role of oxygen radical detoxification. Analyst 1998;123:3-6.
- Kose K, Dogan P, Kardas Y, Saraymen R. Plasma selenium levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996;53:51-56.
- Peretz A, Neve J, Duchateau J, Famaey JP. Adjuvant treatment of recent onset rheumatoid arthritis by selenium supplementation: preliminary observations. Br J Rheumatol 1992;31:281-282.
- Peretz A, Siderova V, Neve J. Selenium supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis investigated in a double blind, placebocontrolled trial. Scand J Rheumatol 2001;30:208-212.
- Ge K, Yang G. The epidemiology of selenium deficiency in the etiological study of endemic disease in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:259S-263S.
- Rivera MT, de Souza AP, Moreno AH, et al. Progressive Chagas' cardiomyopathy is associated with low selenium levels. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002;66:706-712.
- Romieu I, Trenga C. Diet and obstructive lung disease. Epidemiol Rev 2001;23:268-287. 49. Fogarty A, Britton J. The role of diet in the aetiology of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2000;30:615-627.
- Shaheen SO, Sterne JA, Thompson RL, et al. Dietary antioxidants and asthma in adults: population-based case-control study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1823-1828.
- Ellwood P, Asher MI, Bjorksten B, et al. Diet and asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic eczema symptom prevalence: an ecological analysis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) data. ISAAC Phase One Study Group. Eur Respir J 2001;17:436-443.
- Gazdik F, Kadrabova J, Gazdikova K. Decreased consumption of corticosteroids after selenium supplementation in corticoiddependent asthmatics. Bratisl Lek Listy 2002;103:22-25.
- Ihara Y, Mori A, Hayabara T, et al. Free radicals, lipid peroxides and antioxidants in blood of patients with myotonic dystrophy. J Neurol 1995;242:119-122.
- Backman E, Henriksson KG. Effect of sodium selenite and vitamin E treatment in myotonic dystrophy. J Intern Med 1990;228:577-581.
- Orndahl G, Sellden U, Hallin S, et al. Mytonic dystrophy treated with selenium and vitamin E. Acta Med Scand 1986;219:407-414.
- Orndahl G, Rindby A, Selin E. Selenium therapy of myotonic dystrophy. Acta Med Scand 1983;213:237-239.
- Orndahl G, Grimby G, Grimby A, et al. Functional deterioration and selenium-vitamin E treatment in myotonic dystrophy. A placebocontrolled study. J Intern Med 1994;235:205-210.
- Rayman MP, Rayman MP. The argument for increasing selenium intake. Proc Nutr Soc 2002;61:203-215.
- Foresta C, Flohe L, Garolla A, et al. Male fertility is linked to the selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Biol Reprod 2002;67:967-971.
- Nikolaev AA, Lutskii DL, Lozhkina LV, et al. Selenium correction of male subfertility. Urologiia 1999;4:29-32. [Article in Russian]
- Hawkes WC, Turek PJ. Effects of dietary selenium on sperm motility in healthy men. J Androl 2001;22:764-772.
- Whanger PD. Selenium and heavy metal toxicity. In: Spallholz JE, Martin JL, Ganther HE, eds. Selenium in Biology and Medicine. Westport, CT: AVI; 1981:230-255.
- Diplock AT, Watkins WJ, Hewison M. Selenium and heavy metals. Ann Clin Res 1986;18:55-60.
- Watanabe C. Selenium deficiency and brain functions: the significance for methylmercury toxicity. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2001;55:581-589. [Article in Japanese]
- Jamba L, Nehru B, Bansal MP. Selenium supplementation during cadmium exposure: changes in antioxidant enzymes and the ultrastructure of the kidney. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1997;10:233-242.
- Gartner R, Gasnier BC, Dietrich JW, et al. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1687-1691.
- Cai QY, Chen XS, Zhu LZ, et al. Biochemical and morphological changes in the lenses of selenium and/or vitamin E deficient rats. Biochem Environ Sci 1994;7:109-115.
- Karakucuk S, Ertugrul Mirza G, Faruk Ekinciler O, et al. Selenium concentrations in serum, lens and aqueous humour of patients with senile cataract. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1995;73:329-332.
- Thomas AG, Miller V, Shenkin A, et al. Selenium and glutathione peroxidase status in paediatric health and gastrointestinal disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994;19:213-219.
- Rannem T, Ladefoged K, Hylander E, et al. Selenium depletion in patients with gastrointestinal diseases: are there any predictive factors? Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:1057-1061.
- Kalita B, Nowak P, Slimok M, et al. Selenium plasma concentration level in children with food allergy. Pol Merkuriusz Lek 2001;10:411-413. [Article in Polish]
- McGlashen ND, Cook SJ, Melrose W, et al. Maternal selenium levels and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Aust N Z J Med 1996;26:677-682.
- Reid GM, Tervit H. Sudden infant death syndrome and placental disorders: the thyroidselenium link. Med Hypotheses 1997;48:317-324.
- Winklhofer-Roob BM, Tiran B, Tuchschmid PE, et al. Effects of pancreatic enzyme preparations on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities and plasma selenium concentrations in cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 1998;25:242-249.
- Linday LA, Dolitsky JN, Shindledecker RD, Pippenger CE. Lemon-flavored cod liver oil and a multivitamin-mineral supplement for the secondary prevention of otitis media in young children: pilot research. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002;111:642-652.
- Kalita B, Nowak P, Slimok M, et al. Selenium plasma concentration in children with celiac disease in different stages of diagnosis. Pol Merkuriusz Lek 2002;12:43-44. [Article in Polish]
- Bates CJ, Thane CW, Prentice A, Delves HT. Selenium status and its correlates in a British national diet and nutrition survey: people aged 65 years and over. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2002;16:1-8.
- No authors listed. Vitamins to protect against and reverse aging. Dermatol Nurs 2002;14:206-207.
- Hawkes WC, Hornbostel L. Effects of dietary selenium on mood in healthy men living in a metabolic research unit. Biol Psychiatry 1996;39:121-128.
- Thompson HJ, Meeker LD, Becci PJ. Effect of combined selenium and retinal acetate treatment on mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1981;41:1413-1416.
- Ip C. Interaction of vitamin C and selenium supplementation in the modification of mammary carcinogenesis in rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986;77:299-303.
- Bratter P, Negretti de Bratter VE. Influence of high dietary selenium intake on the thyroid hormone level in human serum. J Trace Elem Med Biol 1996;10:163-166.
- Vinceti M, Wei ET, Malagoli C, et al. Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev Environ Health 2001;16:233-251.
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington: National Academy Press; 2000.
- Stahl W, van den Berg H, Arthur J, et al. Bioavailability and metabolism. Mol Aspects Med 2002;23:39-100.
ALL FORMULAS ARE MANUFACTURER TESTED AND 3RD PARTY VERIFIED FOR POTENCY
PREFERRED NUTRITION
153 Perth Street
Acton, Ontario
TEL: 888-826-9625
FAX: 888-773-7069
Website: www.pno.ca
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|